Mhando dzefungicides
1.1 Zvinoenderana nechimiro chemakemikari
Organic fungicides:Zvinhu zvikuru zvefungicides idzi organic compounds ine carbon. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kwechimiro, organic fungicides inogona kunyatso kudzora dzakasiyana zvirwere.
Chlorothalonil: wide-spectrum fungicide, inowanzoshandiswa pamiriwo, michero uye miti yekushongedza.
Thiophanate-methyl: kudzivirira uye kurapwa kwezvirwere, inoshanda pamiti yemichero, miriwo uye zvichingodaro.
Thiophanate-Methyl 70% WP Fungicide
Inorganic fungicides:Inorganic fungicides inonyanya kuumbwa neinorganic compounds, semhangura, sarufa uye zvichingodaro. Aya fungicides anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima uye ane nguva refu yekusara.
Bordeaux liquid: kudzivirira uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvemiti yemichero, miriwo, nezvimwe.
Sulfur: fungicide yechinyakare, inoshandiswa kumazambiringa, miriwo, nezvimwe.
1.2 Zvinoenderana nekwakabva zvigadzirwa zvefungicides
Inorganic fungicides:Kusanganisira kugadzirira kwemhangura nesarufa, aya fungicides anowanzoshandiswa kudzora fungal uye mabhakitiriya zvirwere.
Copper oxychloride: kudzora fungal uye mabhakitiriya zvirwere.
Organic sulfur fungicides:Mafungicides aya anonyanya kuuraya mabhakitiriya epathogenic nekuburitsa hydrogen sulfide, inowanzoshandiswa mukudzora upfu uye zvimwe zvirwere zvefungal.
Sulfur powder: kudzora kwehuvhuvhu, ngura uye zvichingodaro.
Organophosphorus fungicides:Organophosphorus makomisheni anowanzo shandiswa mune zvekurima kudzora mabhakitiriya uye fungal zvirwere, zvine yakafara-spectrum uye yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda.
Mancozeb: yakakura-spectrum fungicide, kutonga kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zvefungal.
Organic arsenic fungicides:Kunyangwe zvichishanda, ivo zvino vari kubviswa nekuda kwehupfu hwavo hwakanyanya.
Arsenic acid: yakakwira toxicity, ikozvino yabviswa.
Benzene derivatives fungicides:Aya mafungicides akasiyana siyana uye anowanzoshandiswa kudzora zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, senge downy mildew uye powdery mildew.
Carbendazim: yakakura-spectrum fungicide, kutonga kwemiti yemichero, miriwo uye zvimwe zvirwere.
Azole fungicides:Azole fungicides inhibit synthesis yefungal cell membranes kuuraya pathogenic mabhakitiriya, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumichero nemiriwo kudzora chirwere.
Tebuconazole: kushanda kwepamusoro, kunowanzoshandiswa mumiti yemichero, kudzora zvirwere zvemiriwo.
Systemic Fungicide Tebuconazole 25% EC
Copper fungicides:Kugadzirira kwemhangura kune simba rakasimba rebhaktericidal, rinowanzoshandiswa mukutonga kwefungal uye zvirwere zvebhakitiriya.
Copper hydroxide: kutonga kwemiti yemichero, miriwo uye zvimwe zvirwere.
Antibiotic fungicides:Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogadzirwa nehutachiona, yakadai se streptomycin uye tetracycline, inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora zvirwere zvebhakitiriya.
Streptomycin: kutonga kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya.
Mishonga yefungicides:Kubatanidza marudzi akasiyana efungicides kunogona kuvandudza fungicidal mhedzisiro uye kuderedza kupikisa kwehutachiona hwepathogenic.
Zineb: komputa fungicide, kutonga kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zvefungal.
Crop Protection Fungicides Zineb 80% WP
Mamwe fungicides:Kusanganisira mamwe matsva uye akakosha fungicides, akadai sezvidyarwa uye biological agents.
Muti wetii akakosha oiri: yakasikwa chirimwa chinobvisa fungicide, yakafara-spectrum antibacterial.
1.3 Zvinoenderana nenzira yekushandisa
Vanodzivirira: inoshandiswa kudzivirira kuitika kwechirwere.
Bordeaux musanganiswa: yakagadzirwa nemhangura sulfate uye lime, ine yakakura-spectrum bactericidal effect uye inonyanya kushandiswa kudzivirira fungal uye bhakitiriya zvirwere zvemiti yemichero, miriwo nezvimwe zvirimwa.
Sulfur kuturika: chinhu chikuru chinoshandiswa sarufa, chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzivirira uye kutonga kwezvirwere zvakawanda zvefungal, senge powdery mildew, ngura uye zvichingodaro.
Therapeutic agents: inoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakatoitika.
Carbendazim: yakakura-spectrum fungicide ine kudzivirira uye kurapa mhedzisiro, inowanzoshandiswa mukudzivirira uye kutonga kwemiti yemichero, miriwo uye zvimwe zvirwere zvefungal.
Thiophanate-methyl: Iine systemic uye kurapa mhedzisiro, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzora zvirwere zvemiti yemichero, miriwo nemaruva.
Eradicators: Inoshandiswa kubvisa zvachose utachiona.
Formaldehyde: inoshandiswa kuuraya hutachiona hwevhu, ine sterilization yakasimba uye kupera kwehutachiona, inowanzoshandiswa mugreenhouse uye greenhouse ivhu kurapwa.
Chloropicrin: fumigant yevhu, inoshandiswa kuuraya mabhakitiriya epathogenic, tupukanana uye mhodzi dzesora muvhu, yakakodzera kune greenhouses, greenhouses uye minda yekurima.
Systemic agents: Inotorwa kuburikidza nemidzi yezvirimwa kana mashizha kuti iwane kutonga-chirimwa chose.
Tebuconazole: a wide-spectrum systemic fungicide, inouraya mabhakitiriya epathogenic nekudzivisa kuumbwa kwefungal cell membranes, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumiti yemichero, miriwo uye zvirimwa zvekudya.
Preservative: inoshandiswa kudzivirira kuora kwemiti yemiti.
Copper sulfate: ine bactericidal uye antiseptic madhara, inowanzoshandiswa mukudzivirira uye kutonga kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya zvezvirimwa uye kudzivirira kuora kwemiti yemiti.
1.4 Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekuitisa
System Fungicide: inogona kutorwa nechirimwa uye kuitiswa kuchirimwa chose, ine zvirinani kutonga mhedzisiro.
Pyraclostrobin: rudzi rutsva rwe-broad-spectrum systemic fungicide ine kudzivirira uye kurapa mhedzisiro, inowanzoshandiswa mumiti yemichero, miriwo uye zvichingodaro.
Pyraclostrobin Fungicide 25%SC
Non-sorbent fungicide: ingotora chikamu munzvimbo yekushandisa, haizofambi muchirimwa.
Mancozeb: yakakura-spectrum inodzivirira fungicide, inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora zvirwere zvefungal, haifambi muchirimwa mushure mekushandisa.
1.5 Zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita
Multi-saiti (isina-specialized) fungicides: ita pane zvinopfuura imwe physiological process ye pathogen.
Mancozeb: inoshanda pane akawanda physiological maitiro epathogen, ine yakakura-spectrum bactericidal mhedzisiro, uye inodzivirira dzakasiyana siyana dzefungal zvirwere.
Single-saiti (specialized) fungicides: ita chete pane chaiyo physiological process ye pathogen.
Tebuconazole: Inoshanda pane chaiyo physiological maitiro epathogen uye inouraya pathogenic bhakitiriya nekudzivisa synthesis yefungal cell membrane.
1.6 Zvinoenderana nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuita
Dziviriro fungicides: kusanganisira kubata bactericidal effect uye residual bactericidal effect.
Mancozeb: yakakura-spectrum inodzivirira fungicide, inoshandiswa kudzivirira dzakasiyana siyana dzefungal zvirwere.
Sulfur suspension: wide-spectrum fungicide, inoshandiswa kudzivirira nekudzora powdery mildew uye ngura.
Systemic fungicides: kusanganisira apical conduction uye basal conduction.
Pyraclostrobin: itsva broad-spectrum systemic fungicide ine kudzivirira uye kurapa migumisiro.
Propiconazole: systemic fungicide, inowanzoshandiswa mukudzivirira uye kutonga kwezvirwere zvezviyo, miti yemichero nezvimwe zvirimwa.
Organic Fungicide Propiconazole 250g/L EC
1.7 Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekushandisa
Kugadziriswa kwevhu:
Formaldehyde: inoshandiswa kuuraya utachiona hwevhu, kuuraya utachiona hwepathogenic muvhu.
Kurapa tsinde nemashizha:
Carbendazim: Inoshandiswa kupfapfaidza madzinde nemashizha kudzora zvirwere zvakasiyana siyana.
Kurapa mbeu:
Thiophanate-methyl: inoshandiswa pakurapa mbeu kudzivirira utachiona hwembeu uye kutapurirana kwechirwere.
1.8 Zvinoenderana neakasiyana makemikari kuumbwa
Inorganic fungicides:
Bordeaux musanganiswa: musanganiswa wemhangura sulfate uye lime, yakakura-spectrum fungicide.
Sulfur: inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutonga kwe powdery mildew, ngura uye zvichingodaro.
Organic fungicides:
Carbendazim: yakakura-spectrum fungicide, kutonga kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zvefungal.
Tebuconazole: yakafara-spectrum systemic fungicide, inodzivisa kuumbwa kwefungal cell membrane.
Biological fungicides:
Streptomycin: mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogadzirwa nehutachiona, inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora zvirwere zvebhakitiriya.
Agricultural antibiotics fungicides:
Streptomycin: mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kudzora zvirwere zvebhakitiriya.
Tetracycline: antibiotic, kutonga kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya.
Mafungicides anogadzirwa nezvirimwa:
Muti wetii akakosha oiri: yakasikwa chirimwa chinotorwa chine Broad-spectrum antibacterial effect.
1.9 Zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemakemikari chimiro
Carbamate derivatives fungicides:
Carbendazim: yakafara-spectrum fungicide kudzora dzakasiyana siyana fungal zvirwere.
Amide fungicides:
Metribuzin: inowanzoshandiswa kudzora sora, inewo imwe fungicidal effect.
Mitezo mitanhatu-heterocyclic fungicides:
Pyraclostrobin: itsva wide-spectrum systemic fungicide ine kudzivirira uye kurapa mhedzisiro.
Zvishanu-nhengo heterocyclic fungicides:
Tebuconazole: yakafara-spectrum systemic fungicide, inhibits fungal cell membrane synthesis.
Organophosphorus uye methoxyacrylate fungicides:
Methomyl: inowanzoshandiswa kudzora zvipembenene, asi zvakare ine imwe fungicidal effect.
Copper fungicides:
Bordeaux musanganiswa: musanganiswa wemhangura sulfate uye lime, yakafara-spectrum sterilization.
Inorganic sulfur fungicides:
Sulfur kuturika: inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutonga kwehupfu, ngura, nezvimwe.
Organic arsenic fungicides:
Arsenic acid: yakakwira toxicity, ikozvino yabviswa.
Mamwe fungicides:
Zvigadzirwa zvezvirimwa uye zvitsva zvinosanganiswa (zvakadai semuti wetii akakosha mafuta): yakakura-spectrum antibacterial effect, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengeteka.
Fomu yefungicide
2.1 Hupfu (DP)
Nekutanga mushonga wezvipembenene uye inert filler yakasanganiswa mune imwe chikamu, yakapwanyika uye yakasefa hupfu. Kazhinji inoshandiswa pakupfapfaidza hupfu mukugadzira.
2.2 Hupfu hwakanyorova (WP)
Ndiyo yepakutanga pesticide, filler uye imwe chiyero chekuwedzera, maererano nekusanganiswa kuzere nekupwanya, kuwana humwe hunyoro hwehupfu. Inogona kushandiswa kupfapfaidza.
2.3 Emulsion (EC)
Iyo inozivikanwawo se "emulsion". Nemushonga wezvipembenene wepakutanga maererano nechimwe chikamu chezvinonyungudutsa zveorganic uye emulsifiers zvakanyungudutswa mumvura ine mafuta inoonekera. Inogona kushandiswa kupfapfaidza. Emulsion iri nyore kupinda mukati mezvipembenene epidermis, zviri nani kudarika hupfu hwakanyorova.
2.4 Ine mvura (AS)
Mimwe mishonga inonyungudika mumvura, uye inogona kushandiswa nemvura isina zvinowedzerwa. Zvakadai secrystalline lithosulfuric acid, zvipembenene zvakapetwa kaviri, nezvimwe.
2.5 Granules (GR)
Yakagadzirwa nekushambadza imwe chiyero chemumiririri ane ivhu zvimedu, cinder, zvidhinha slag, jecha. Kazhinji filler uye mushonga wezvipembenene zvinopwanyika pamwechete kuita imwe fineness yehupfu, wedzera mvura uye yekubatsira mumiriri kugadzira granules. Inogona kuparadzirwa nemaoko kana nemichina.
2.6 Kumisa mumiririri (gel kumiswa) (SC)
Kushandiswa kwekunyorova kwe-ultra-micro-grinding, pesticide powder yakaparadzirwa mumvura kana mafuta uye ma surfactants, kuumbwa kwe viscous flowable liquid formulations. Suspension agent yakasanganiswa nechero chikamu chemvura kuti inyunguduke, yakakodzera nzira dzakasiyana dzekupfapfaidza. Mushure mekupfapfaidza, inogona kuchengetedza 20% ~ 50% yepesticide yepakutanga nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura.
2.7 Fumigant (FU)
Kushandiswa kweakasimba maajenti ane sulfuric acid, mvura uye zvimwe zvinhu kuita kuti abudise magasi ane muchetura, kana kushandisa yakaderera-inofashaira poindi yemvura inodziya magasi ane muchetura, fumigation munzvimbo yakavharwa uye nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakanangana kuuraya tupukanana uye hutachiona hwekugadzirira.
2.8 Aerosol (AE)
Aerosol imvura kana yakasimba pesticide mafuta mhinduro, kushandiswa kwekupisa kana mechini simba, iyo mvura yakaparadzirwa mukuramba yakamiswa kwemadonhwe madiki mumhepo, inova aerosol.
Nzira ye fungicides
3.1 Kupesvedzera pane sero chimiro uye basa
Fungicides inhibisa kukura uye kuberekana kwehutachiona hwepathogenic nekukanganisa kuumbwa kwefungal cell madziro uye plasma membrane biosynthesis. Mamwe mafungicides anoita kuti masero epathogen asadzivirirwe nekuparadza kuumbwa kwesero madziro, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvakonzera kufa kwesero.
3.2 Kupesvedzera pakugadzirwa kwesimba remaserura
Fungicides inogona kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwesimba kwehutachiona kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Semuenzaniso, mamwe fungicides anodzivisa glycolysis uye fatty acid β-oxidation, kuitira kuti utachiona husakwanise kuburitsa simba kazhinji, izvo zvinozoguma nekufa kwavo.
3.3 Kukanganisa kuumbwa kwemaserura metabolic zvinhu nemabasa avo
Mamwe mafungicides anoita nekukanganisa kuumbwa kwefungal nucleic acids uye mapuroteni. Aya metabolic maitiro akakosha pakukura uye kuberekana kwehutachiona; saka, nekudzivisa maitiro aya, fungicides inogona kunyatso kudzora kuitika uye kupararira kwezvirwere.
3.4 Kukurudzira kuzvidzora kwechirimwa
Mamwe fungicides haangoite zvakananga pane pathogenic bacteria, asiwo anokurudzira chirimwa kurwisa chirwere. Mafungicides aya anogona kuita kuti zvirimwa zvibudise “zvinodzivirira zvirwere” zvakanangana neutachiona kana kutora chikamu mumetabolism kugadzira zvinhu zvinorwisa utachiona, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kurwisa kwechirimwa kuchirwere.
Mhedziso
Mafungicides anoita basa rakakosha mukurima kwemazuva ano nekudzora nekudzivirira zvirwere zvezvirimwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Mhando dzakasiyana dzefungicides dzine hunhu hwadzo maererano nechimiro chemakemikari, maitiro ekushandisa, conductive zvivakwa uye maitiro ekuita, izvo zvinoita kuti zvishandiswe zvakanyanya mukushandisa kwakasiyana kwekurima. Kusarudzwa kwakanaka uye kushandiswa kwefungicides kunogona kunyatso kuvandudza goho uye mhando yezvirimwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekusimudzira kusimudzira kwekurima.
FAQ
FAQ 1: Chii chinonzi organic fungicide?
Organic fungicides mafungicides akagadzirwa neorganic compounds ane kabhoni, ane zvimiro zvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutachiona hwehutachiona.
FAQ 2: Ndedzipi mhando huru dzefungicides?
Iyo huru dosage mafomu efungicides anosanganisira hupfu, hupfu hunonyorova, mafuta emulsifiable, aqueous solutions, granules, gels, fumigants, aerosols uye fumigants.
FAQ 3: Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe systemic fungicide uye isiri-systemic fungicide?
Fungicides inogona kutorwa nechirimwa uye ichiendeswa kune yese chirimwa, iyo ine zvirinani kutonga maitiro; isiri-sorbent fungicides inoshanda chete panzvimbo yekushandisa uye haifambi muchirimwa.
FAQ 4: Ko fungicides inokanganisa sei cellular metabolism?
Fungicides inhibisa kukura uye kuberekana kwehutachiona nekukanganisa synthesis ye nucleic acids uye mapuroteni, zvichikanganisa maitiro ekugadzira simba, uye kuparadza sero chimiro.
FAQ 5: Ndeapi mabhenefiti emiti-inotorwa nefungicides?
Botanical fungicides inogadzirwa kubva kuchirimwa uye kazhinji ishoma muhuturu, inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye isinganyanyi kukudziridza kuramba.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-01-2024
