Chibage chinobatwa nemhute here? Kuzivikanwa panguva, kudzivirira kwekutanga uye kurapwa kunogona kunyatso kudzivirira denda

Chibage chakasviba pamuti wechibage chiri chirwere, icho chinowanzozivikanwa se corn smut, inonziwo smut, inowanzonzi grey bag uye black mold. Ustilago chimwe chezvirwere zvakakosha zvechibage, izvo zvine simba guru pagoho rechibage uye kunaka. Chiyero chekuderedza goho chinosiyana zvichienderana nenguva yekutanga, kukura kwechirwere uye nzvimbo yechirwere.

  

Zviratidzo zvikuru zvechibage smut

Corn smut inogona kuitika panguva yese yekukura, asi haina kuwanda padanho rembeu uye inowedzera nekukurumidza mushure mekucheka. Chirwere chichaitika apo mbeu dzechibage dzine 4-5 mashizha echokwadi. Madzinde nemashizha embeu dzine zvirwere zvichave zvakamonyoroka, zviremara, uye zvipfupi. Mapundu madiki achaonekwa pazasi pemadzinde pedyo nepasi. Apo chibage chinokura kusvika kune imwe tsoka yakakwirira, zviratidzo zvichaonekwa. Zvinonyanya kujeka kuti mushure meizvi, mashizha, madzinde, machira, nzeve, uye axillary buds zvichange zvichitapukirwa imwe mushure meimwe uye mamota achaonekwa. Mamota acho anosiyana-siyana mukukura, kubva padiki sezai kusvika pakukura sechibhakera. Mapundu acho anotanga kuoneka seruvara rwechena, kupenya, uye kuva muto. Kana yakura, membrane yekunze inoputika uye inobudisa huwandu hwakawanda hwehupfu hutema. Padzinde rechibage, panogona kuita bundu rimwe chete kana kupfuura. Mushure mekunge muchekechera wadhonzwa, mamwe maflorets anotapukirwa uye anokura mamota-akafanana nenyanga. Kazhinji mapundu akawanda anoungana kuita murwi. Muchekechera mumwe unogona kuva Uwandu hwemamota hunosiyana kubva pahushoma kusvika pagumi nembiri.

Chiitiko chechiitiko chechibage smut

Utachiona hwepathogenic hunogona kudarika muvhu, manyowa kana masara echirimwa ane chirwere uye ndiwo anotanga kutapukira mugore rechipiri. Iyo chlamydospores yakanamatira kune mbeu inoita basa rakati mukupararira kure-kure kwe smut. Mushure mekunge pathogen yapinda muchibage, mycelium inokura nekukurumidza mukati meparenchyma cell tissue uye inogadzira auxin-sechinhu chinokurudzira masero emuchibage, zvichiita kuti awedzere uye awedzere, pakupedzisira aite mamota. Kana bundu rinoputika, nhamba huru ye teliospores ichasunungurwa, zvichiita kuti pave nehutachiona.

Kudzivirira uye kudzora matanho echibage smut
(1) Kugadziriswa kwembeu: 50% Carbendazim wettable powder inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mbeu pa 0.5% yehuremu hwembeu.
(2) Bvisa panobva chirwere: Kana chirwere chacho chikaonekwa, tinofanira kuchicheka nokukurumidza uye kuchiviga zvakadzika kana kuti kuchipisa. Mushure mekukohwa chibage, mashizha akadonha emiti yakasara mumunda anofanira kubviswa zvachose kuderedza kunobva mabhakitiriya ekuwintering muvhu. Kune minda ine chirwere chakanyanya, dzivisa kuramba uchirima.
(3) Simbisa utariri hwekurima: Chekutanga, kudyara zvine mutsindo ndiyo nzira huru inogona kutorwa. Kudyara kwakaringana kwakakodzera uye kunonzwisisika kwechibage hakungowedzere goho, asiwo zvinobudirira kudzivirira kuitika kwechibage smut. Mukuwedzera, zvose mvura nefetereza zvinofanira kushandiswa muhuwandu hwakakodzera. Zvakawanda hazvizove nyore kudzora chibage smut.
(4) Dziviriro yekupfapfaidza: Munguva kubva pakumera kwechibage kusvika kune musoro, tinofanira kubatanidza kusakura uye kudzora tupukanana twakadai semakonye, ​​mathrips, corn borer, necotton bollworm. Panguva imwecheteyo, mishonga yefungicide yakadai seCarbendazim neTebuconazole inogona kupfapfaidzwa. Tora matanho akakodzera ekuzvidzivirira kubva kune smut.
(5) Kupfira kugadzirisa: Kana chirwere chacho chawanikwa mumunda, pamusana pekubvisa panguva yakakodzera, panguva yakakodzera spray fungicides yakadai seTebuconazole kugadzirisa uye kudzora kupararira kwechirwere.