Zvipembenene hazvingoparadzi kukura kwemupunga, asiwo kutapurira zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kukuru kwegoho uye kunaka. Naizvozvo, matanho anoshanda ekudzora tumbuyu mupunga akakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chikafu. Pano, tichatsanangura maitiro ekugadzirisa zvipembenene kuti tive nechokwadi chekukura kwemupunga.
Kukanganisa kwezvipembenene zvemupunga pakugadzirwa kwekurima
Zvipembenene zvemupunga zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakasiyana, kusanganisira rice fly, rice leaf borer, uye rice weevil. Zvipembenene izvi zvinokonzera kukanganisa kukuru pakukura nekukura kwemupunga nekusveta muto, kutsenga mashizha uye kuparadza midzi. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvipembenene zvinokwanisa kutapurira utachiona hunowedzera kukanganisa utano hwemupunga.
Kukuvadza kunokonzerwa nezvipembenene
Impact yekukura kwemupunga
Migumisiro yezvipembenene pakukura kwemupunga inonyanya kuratidzwa mune zvinotevera:
Makwikwi ezvokudya zvinovaka muviri: Zvipembenene zvinokwikwidzana zvakananga nomupunga nokuda kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri kupfurikidza nokusveta muto wacho nokutsenga mashizha, zvichiguma nokushayikwa kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri.
Kupera simba kwephotosynthesis: Zvipembenene zvinoparadza mashizha emupunga, zvichideredza nzvimbo yephotosynthetic uye kuderedza kushanda kwephotosynthesis mumupunga.
Root system kuparadza: Zvipembenene zvakaita sechipfukuto zvinoparadza midzi yemupunga, zvichikanganisa kukwanisa kwemupunga kutora mvura nefetereza.
Kutapukira kweutachiona
Zvipembenene zvakaita semupunga haungokuvadzi mupunga chete, asiwo kuita sevhairasi. Kuburikidza nemaitiro ekuruma nekuyamwa kwenhunzi yemupunga, mavhairasi anogona kupararira nekukurumidza kune zvimwe zvirimwa zvemupunga, zvichikonzera kubuda kukuru kwezvirwere zvehutachiona, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya hutano uye goho remupunga.
Kuderera mugoho uye kunaka
Kukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene kunogona kupedzisira kwakonzera kudzikira kukuru mugoho remupunga uye kunaka. Mupunga une zvipembenene une zviyo zvishoma uye zvishoma, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakananga hupfumi hwevarimi.
Mhando dzeZvipembenene Mupunga
Planthoppers
Planthoppers chipembenene chinosveta chinorarama nekusveta muto wemupunga. Chipembenene ichi hachikonzeri kusvava chete mupunga, asi kuti chinotapurira zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa neutachiona izvo zvinowedzera kukanganisa utano hwemupunga. Kune marudzi akawanda emupunga nhunzi, iyo nhunzi yebhurawuni uye nhunzi chena-backback ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa.
Rice Leaf Roller
Rice Leaf Roller makonye anoruma mashizha emupunga woakungurutsira kuita masilinda, zvichideredza nzvimbo yephotosynthetic uye kukanganisa kukura kwemupunga. Chipembenene ichi chinogona kuitika pamatanho ese ekukura kwemupunga uye chinokanganisa goho remupunga.
Mupunga Wemvura Weevil
Makonye emupunga anonyanya kudya midzi yemupunga, achikuvadza midzi uye kuderedza kukwanisa kwemupunga kutora mvura nefetireza, zvichiita kuti chirimwa chisakure zvakanaka. Vakuru vanodya mashizha emupunga, izvo zvinokanganisawo kukura kwese kwemupunga.
Rice Armyworm
Makonye emupunga anodya mashizha emupunga, uye kana zvanyanya, shizha rose rinodyiwa, zvichikanganisa photosynthesis nekugadzirwa kwemupunga. Makonye eRice armyworm ane vanhu vakawanda, anoberekana nekukurumidza, uye anoparadza zvakanyanya kuminda yemupunga.
Rice Thrips
Rice thrips chipembenene chidiki chinorarama nekusveta muto kubva pamashizha emupunga, zvichikonzera makwapa machena kana mitsetse pamashizha, uye kana zvanyanya mashizha anoshanduka eyero nekuoma. Rice thrips rinokanganisa goho uye kunaka kwemupunga.
Rice Gall Midge
Makonye emupunga anopinda mumatishu madiki emupunga oita nduru, zvichikanganisa kukura kwemupunga uye mumatambudziko akaomarara zvichikonzera kutadza kwegoho. Rice gall midge ine simba guru pakukura kwemupunga uye inonetsa kudzora.
Rice Stem Borer
Rice Stem Borer inocherera madzinde emupunga ichidya izvo zvinoita kuti dzinde dzityoke kana kufa izvo zvinokanganisa goho nemhando yemupunga. Iyo larval nhanho yeRice Stem Borer ndiyo nhanho inonyanya kukuvadza, uye matanho ekudzora anofanirwa kutariswa padanho iri.
Mupunga Bug
Zvipembenene zvemupunga zvinorarama nekusveta muto wemupunga izvo zvinoita kuti tsanga dzacho dziite nhema dzosvava izvo zvinokanganisa goho. Kune marudzi akawanda emupunga, asi anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyegirinhi bofu.
Mupunga Leaf Folder
Makonye epafodhi reshizha remupunga anotsenga mashizha emupunga uye anokungurutsa mashizha muchubhu, zvichikanganisa photosynthesis uye zvichiita kuti isakura zvakanaka uye goho ridzikire. Kudzora kweRice Leaf Moth kunofanirwa kuitwa padanho rekutanga remakonye kuti rideredze kukanganisa kwayo kumupunga.
Kusuma Mishonga Inouraya Zvipembenene
Imidacloprid
Zvishandiso: Inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora rice nhunzi, mupunga thrips uye zvimwe zvinoyamwa pamuromo tumbuyu.
Hunhu: Imidacloprid ine yakanaka systemic properties, inogona kukurumidza kupinda mumiti, ine hupenyu hurefu hwesherufu, uye ine ushamwari kune nyuchi uye zvakatipoteredza.
Chlorantraniliprole
Zvishandiso: Inoshanda mukurwisa kutsenga mativi emupunga, mupunga nezvimwe zvipembenene.
Hunhu: Chlorantraniliprole ine muchetura wakasimba wekubata uye mudumbu, nguva yakareba yekushanda, uye kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro kune zvakatipoteredza uye zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa.
Thiamethoxam
Zvishandiso: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutonga kwewhitefly, mupunga wezvipembenene nezvimwe zvipembenene.
Hunhu: Thiamethoxam ine systemic uye inopinda mukati, inogona kuuraya tumbuyu nekukurumidza, uye ine yakaderera yakasara, uye ine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza.
Carbendazim
Zvishandiso: Inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora mupunga nduru, mupunga thrips uye zvimwe zvipembenene.
Hunhu: Carbendazim ine chepfu yakanaka yekubata uye yemudumbu, uye inoshanda kune akawanda marudzi ezvipembenene, uye ine kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya kuzvirimwa nenharaunda.
Acetamiprid
Zvishandiso: Inoshandiswa kudzora gonye remupunga, mhunga nezvimwe zvipembenene.
Hunhu: Acephate ine yakanaka systemic uye tactile mhedzisiro, ine nguva refu yekutsungirira uye yakakosha kuuraya mhedzisiro pazvipembenene.
Cypermetrin
Zvishandiso: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzivirira nekudzora mupunga nhunzi, mupunga paddy moth uye zvimwe zvipembenene.
Hunhu: Cypermethrin ine muchetura wakasimba wekubata uye mudumbu, yakanaka inokurumidza kuita mhedzisiro, yakaderera yakasara, uye yakachengeteka kune zvakatipoteredza.
Mazano ekushandiswa kwezvipembenene
Kusarudzwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene maererano nemarudzi ezvipembenene
Pakusarudza mishonga yezvipembenene, kusarudzwa kunofanirwa kuenderana nemhando dzezvipembenene. Zvipembenene zvakasiyana zvine manzwiro akasiyana kune akasiyana tupukanana, uye sarudzo ine musoro yemakemikari inogona kuvandudza maitiro ekudzora uye kuderedza kutambisa kwemakemikari.
Kushandisa zvine musoro kwedosi uye nzira dzekushandisa
Paunenge uchishandisa mishonga yezvipembenene, dosi inofanira kushandiswa zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo yekudzivisa kudarika kana kushandiswa. Overdose haisi kungoparadza kemikari chete, asi inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kusingakoshi kune zvakatipoteredza uye zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa. Nzira yekushandiswa inofanirawo kusarudzwa maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, sekupfapfaidza uye kunyura mbeu, kuitira kuti uwane zvakanakisisa kudzora maitiro.
Kutenderera kudzivirira kuramba
Kana mushonga umwechete uchishandiswa kwenguva yakareba, zvipembenene zvinowanzoita kurwisana, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwekutonga kwekugadzirisa. Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kutenderera kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipembenene kudzivirira zvipembenene kubva pakukura kwekupikisa uye kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa.
Integrated Control Strategies
Kudzora Kwekurima
Kuitika nekukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene zvinogona kudzikiswa kuburikidza nesainzi nhanho dzekutonga kwekurima, senge zvine musoro kutenderedza zvirimwa, kudyara mhando dzinoshingirira nezvirwere uye optimize manejimendi emunda.
Kudzora Muviri
Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvenyama, semateya, kuteya mwenje, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kunyatso kudzikisa huwandu hwezvipembenene uye kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene kumupunga.
Biological control
Nekuunza kana kudzivirira vavengi vezvipembenene, senge parasitic wasps, zvipembenene zvinodya, nezvimwewo, huwandu hwezvipembenene hunogona kudzorwa nemasikirwo uye kushandiswa kwemakemikari ekuuraya zvipembenene kunogona kuderedzwa.
Kudzora Kwemakemikari
Kana zvichidikanwa, mishonga yezvipembenene yemakemikari inoshandiswa kudzora, asi kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kugadzirisa dosi uye kutenderedza kushandiswa kudzivirira kukanganisa kusingakoshi kune zvakatipoteredza uye zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-11-2024
