Glyphosate, Paraquat, uye Glufosinate-ammonium ndiwo matatu makuru emishonga yesora. Chimwe nechimwe chine maitiro uye zvakanakira. Vanenge vese varimi vanogona kutaura mashoma acho, asi pfupiso uye yakazara pfupiso uye pfupiso zvichiri kushoma. Akakodzera kupfupikisa uye ari nyore kuyeuka.
Glyphosate
Glyphosate is organophosphorus-type systemic conductive wide-spectrum, biocidal, low-chepfu herbicide. Iyo inonyanya inhibisa enolacetyl shikimate phosphate synthase mumiti, nokudaro ichidzivisa kutendeuka kwe shikidomin ku phenylalanine uye tyrosine. Uye kutendeuka kwe tryptophan, iyo inopindira neprotein synthesis uye inotungamirira kukufa kwekudyara. Glyphosate ine yakanyanya kusimba systemic conductivity. Haikwanise kungobatwa chete uye kuendeswa kunzvimbo dzepasi pevhu kuburikidza nemadzinde nemashizha, asiwo inogona kutapurirwa pakati pematara akasiyana echirimwa chimwe. Iine simba rekuuraya pamatishu epasi pemasora akadzika midzi uye inogona Kusvika pakadzika pasingasvike michina yekurima. Mushure mokupinda muvhu, mushonga wacho unokurumidza kusanganiswa nesimbi, aluminium uye mamwe ions esimbi uye inorasikirwa nebasa. Iyo haina mhedzisiro yakaipa pambeu uye tupukanana muvhu uye yakachengeteka kune vavengi venyama uye zvipenyu zvinobatsira.
Glyphosate inokodzera kusakura muminda yemichero yakaita semaapuro, mapeya, uye macitrus, pamwe chete nemichero yemurubheri, minda yekotoni, chibage chisina kurima, kwete-till yakananga-mbeu yepunga, minda yerabha, ivhu, migwagwa, nezvimwewo. Inogona. nyatso kudzora sora reuswa hwepagore uye hunogara huripo, sedges nesora remashizha makuru. Kune mamwe masora asingamirire zvakanyanya muLiliaceae, Convolvulaceae neLeguminosae, kuwedzera kwedosi chete ndiko kunokwanisa kudzorwa zvine mutsindo.
Paraquat
Paraquat mushonga wekuuraya sora unokurumidza kubata-bata une simba rinoparadza pamatishu akasvibira ezvirimwa. Mashizha esora anotanga kukuvadzwa uye kushanduka ruvara mushure memaawa 2-3 mushure mekuiswa mushonga wesora. Mushonga hauna systemic conduction effect uye unogona kungokuvadza nzvimbo yekushandiswa, asi haugoni kukuvadza midzi yemiti uye mbeu dzakavanzwa muvhu. Nokudaro, masora anovandudza mushure mekushandiswa. Haikwanise kupinza makwati ari pasi. Kana yangosangana nevhu, inova adsorbed uye passivated. Paraquat inonyanya kufarirwa nekuda kwemabhenefiti ayo akadai sekukurumidza kuita, kuramba kukukurwa kwemvura, uye kudhura kwekuita. Nekudaro, ine muchetura uye inokuvadza zvakanyanya kuvanhu nezvipfuyo. Kana waiswa muchetura, hapana chaiwo mushonga.
Glufosinate-ammonium
1. Ine mishonga yesora yakawanda. Mazhinji masora anonzwira tsitsi Glufosinate-ammonium. Masora aya anosanganisira: cowgrass, bluegrass, sedge, bermudagrass, barnyard grass, ryegrass, bentgrass, rice sedge, Special-shaped sedge, crabgrass, wild licorice, false stinkweed, corn grass, roughleaf flower grass, flying grass, wild amaranth, sedge, hollow lotus grass (revolutionary grass), chickweed, nhunzi duku, vamwene, bhiza Amaranth, Brachiaria, Viola, munda bindweed, Polygonum, chikwama chemufudzi, chicory, plantain, ranunculus, kufema kwemwana, European Senecio, nezvimwewo.
2. Hunhu hwekuita hwakatanhamara. Glufosinate-ammonium inoda kusanaya kwemvura kwemaawa matanhatu mushure mekupfapfaidza kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo. Pasi pemamiriro emumunda, nokuti inogona kuderedzwa nehutachiona hwevhu, midzi yemidzi haigoni kuitora kana kuitora zvishoma. Miti nemashizha Mushure mokurapa, mashizha anokurumidza kukura phytotoxicity, nokudaro kuderedza kuitisa kweGlufosinate-ammonium mu phloem uye xylem. Kupisa kwepamusoro, hunyoro hwepamusoro, uye kusimba kwechiedza chakakwira zvinosimudzira kutorwa kweGlufosinate-ammonium uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya chiitiko. Kuwedzera 5% (W/V) ammonium sulfate kumushonga wekupfapfaidza kunogona kukurudzira kutorwa kweGlufosinate-ammonium uye nekunyatso kuvandudza basa reGlufosinate-ammonium pasi pemamiriro ekushisa akaderera. Kunzwisiswa kwemiti yakatevedzana kuGlufosinate-ammonium kune hukama nekutora kwavo mishonga yesora, saka ammonium sulfate ine yakanyanya kukosha synergistic mhedzisiro pamasora ane kushomeka kwekunzwa.
3. Yakachengeteka kwezvakatipoteredza, Glufosinate-ammonium inokurumidza kuderedzwa nema microorganisms muvhu, uye leaching yayo muvhu zhinji haipfuuri 15 cm. Mvura yevhu inowanikwa inokanganisa kushambadza kwayo nekudzikira, uye pakupedzisira inoburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi. Hapana zvakasara zvakaonekwa pakukohwa zvirimwa uye hafu yeupenyu ndeye 3-7 mazuva. Mazuva 32 mushure mekugadzirisa tsinde uye mashizha, inenge 10% -20% yemishonga uye zvigadzirwa zvekuora zvakaramba zviri muvhu, uye nemazuva 295, chiyero chekusara chakanga chiri pedyo ne0. Tichifunga nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, hafu yeupenyu hupfupi uye kusafamba zvakanaka. ivhu rinogadzira Glufosinate-ammonium zvakare yakakodzera kusakura kwemasango.
4. Tarisiro huru. Sezvo Glufosinate-ammonium ine yakawanda yesora spectrum, inokurumidza kushatiswa munharaunda uye ine muchetura wakaderera kune zvipenyu zvisina kunangwa, zvakakosha zvikuru kuishandisa semushonga wesora uchangobuda muminda yezvirimwa. Bioengineering tekinoroji Izvi zvinopa mukana. Parizvino, Glufosinate-ammonium iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri kubva kuGlyphosate mukutsvagisa nekusimudzirwa kwembeu dzakagadziridzwa zvirimwa zvisingaurayiwi nemishonga. Parizvino, Glufosinate-ammonium-resistant genetically modified zvirimwa zvinosanganisira chibharo, chibage, soya bhinzi, donje, sugar beet, mupunga, bhari, Gorosi, rye, mbatatisi, mupunga, nezvimwewo. Hapana mubvunzo kuti Glufosinate-ammonium ine musika mukuru wekutengesa. Zvinoenderana nerimwe dhata, Glufosinate-ammonium inogona kudzivirira uye kudzora rice sheath blight hutachiona uye kuderedza makoroni ayo anogadzira. Iine basa rakakwirira kurwisa fungi inokonzera sheath blight, sclerotinia uye pythium wilt, uye inogona kudzivirira nekurapa panguva imwe chete. Masora uye fungal zvirwere muGlufosinate-ammonium transgenic zvirimwa. Kupfapfaidza yakajairika dosage yeGlufosinate-ammonium paGlufosinate-ammonium-resistant transgenic soya minda ine imwe inhibitory mhedzisiro pasoya bean bhakitiriya Pseudomonas infestans uye inogona kutadzisa kana kunonoka kukura kwebhakitiriya. Nekuti Glufosinate-ammonium ine hunhu hwekuita kwepamusoro, kunyura kwakanaka, yakakura herbicidal spectrum, yakaderera muchetura, uye kuenderana kwakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza, ndeimwe yakanakisa mushonga wesora mushure meGlyphosate.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-26-2024
